Statements Concerning Ishiyama

Statement of Goto (1 August 1947) Goto remembers Ishiyama of Surgery attend­ing the meetings of War Department Temporary Civilian Officials at the Medical Bureau.

Ishiyama was conducting research (general) in surgery. Personally Ishiyama was doing research in epilepsy, surgery of the brain, and gastronic or intesti­nal surgery. He also studied the pathology of the post operative collapse of the lung. Goto recalls that Ishiyama once said that sea water, brought from off shore, where clean, can be diluted 4 times and used in place of Ringer Solution, where Ringer Solution is scarce, that it is safe to use and effective.

In August 1946 Toyoda, chief secretary of the University visited Goto, told him the Education Department v/anted to know of the Ishiyama affair, Goto asserting ignorance.

Statement of Misao (1-4 August 1947)

In March 1944 temporary officials convened at the War Department, Tokyo, and Misao attended with Nakajima, Goto, and., Misao believes, Ishiyama.

Nakajima, Goto, Jinnaka, Ishiyama and Misao were actually attached to the Medical Bureau and were to get orders directly from the Medical Bureau through WA.

When Ishiyama was at Okayama Medical College he was engaged in research concerning the collapsing of lungs during operations. At KIU he conducted research as to gall stones.

Misao first heard of operations on PWs early in 1946 when Ishiyama and other personnel were called to the CIC office. Misao then heard a rumor at the Univ­ersity that Ishiyama was suspected of experimenting on B-29 plane crash survi­vors resulting in death.

Misao does not believe Ishiyama would have performed such experiments without approval.

Misao cannot believe that Ishiyama would have performed experimental operations on PWs, in secret, without anyone’s approval, in the interests of medical re­search. If Ishiyama did not want to perform such experimental operations, only the Chief of the Medical Bureau could have ordered him to perform them. (Kanbayashi)

Statement of Noda (18 July - 4 August 1947) Noda attended 2 operations on Prisoners, the first in early afternoon in the middle of May. Noda saw 4 Japanese soldiers carrying 2 American Prisoners on a stretcher, entering the building near the autopsy room. In the autopsy room were Ishiyama, Hirao, and Torisu. They were talking to each other.

Noda went to latrine, then entered autopsy room. (1st series) Ishiyama was tying some blood vessels near the heart. Ishiyama then began operating on the Prisoner’s heart, removed pieces from the heart. The Prisoner was breathing, was under anesthesia.

Statement of Noda (18 July - 4 August 47) Cont' d...... Ishiyama then started operating on the right lung of the same Prisoner, cut out the lower part or lobe, then cut the apex lobe of the right lung. The entire right lung was then cut out and removed. Komori helped him. If something had been wrong with the right lung it would have been customary to deflate the lung. First time Noda saw an entire lung removed.

Hirao assisted Ishiyama on one PW by helping him cut parts of the Prisoner’s heart. One nurse handed instruments to Ishiyama, another held the Operating lamp. 2 staff officers witnessed the operation, conversed with Ishiyama.

When Noda left, Ishiyama and Komori were still examining the area, the incision was still open, the patient alive. The 2nd Prisoners lay on the dissecting table in the autopsy room while the other Prisoner was being operated, appeared unconscious.

Statement of Hirao (13 July 1946) During the war there was an acute shortage of plasma, and experiments were carried on by Ishiyama assisted by Torisu to extract a drug from sea water to supplant plasma, known as "blood substitute." Doctors Senba and Kubo also worked with Ishiyama on his experiments. They also heard that the Japanese Navy used this blood substitute, but were not sure, so experiments were conducted by Ishiyama at the University to develop it.

1st series operations - One of the Prisoners was brought in on an operating table and because he was weak was given an injection of sea water, then ether. Komori, Ishiyama, Mori, Torisu, Hirao then scrubbed. Ishiyama and Komcri were the leading participants, Torisu, Mori and. Hirao assisted.

It was not necessary to remove the lung, but this was the original plan of Ishiyama and he would not listen to his subordinates. The patient was never X-rayed, Ishiyama just looked at the wound and said that he would remove the lung. It can be said that this operation was performed, first, as an excuse to remove the lung, and, 2nd, to test Ishiyama's drug.

Statement of Yakumaru (18 August 1947) 2nd series - liver - The 1st PW was under anesthesia, breathing rather heavily, had no wounds, but an incision about 20 centimeters vertically on the center of his abdomen had been made. Ishiyama and Komori operated on this PW. Ishiyama cut half of the liver out, removed it, and placed it on a nearby stand. Komori then tied the liver veins and sewed the incision. The Prisoner was alive.

At this time there were in the autopsy room: Ishiya,a Komori, Sato, Yakumaru, Senba, Torisu, Mori, Hirao, Hirako and a few others.

Ishiyama and Komori performed a lung operation. There was a 2nd operation on the 2nd PW. 1st operation on 2nd PW performed by Mori and Hirao. The incision was made by either Komori or Ishiyama on the right side of the Prisoner's chest about 20 centimeters vertically over the right breast, Ishiyama and Komori then cut the right lung from the Prisoner's chest and placed it in a glass container on a stand. Komori cut the Prisoner's ribs so Ishiyama could operate on the Prisoner's lung, held open the incision. Ishiyama said the lung was removed for experimental purposes. Yakumaru left the room when Ishiyama cut out the lung and placed it on a stand, because he was sick in the stomach.

Statement of Yakumaru (18 Aug 1947) Cont'd....... In the early part of Septem­ber 1945, in. the staff room at WAH, Sato said that he would instruct Ishiyama that if questioned he should state that permission had been secured from Yoko- yama.

Statement of Hirao (28 Aug and ___ Sept 47) Ishiyama as a War Department Temporary Civilian Official did some research for the army, but Hirao did not assist him.

One reason Hirao wished to resign from KIU was financial.. Secondly he was worried about his connection with the May 1945 affair, wanted to protect the honor of the school— had heard that Ishiyama had received an anonymous note concern­ing it, threatening to disclose it to SCAP if Ishiyama did not resign. This note was received about January 1946. In February 1946 Ishiyama called Torisu and Hirao to him, said he had decided to resign from the staff, but changed his mind frequently after this.

Ishiyama was visited occasionally by Sato, Ishiyama told Hirao that the army had arranged matters so the affair would not be discovered by the Allied Forces.

On 17 May, the day of the first operation, Ishiyama told Hirao that operations were going to be performed on captured B-29 crew members at the Autospy Building and that Hirao should prepare for them.

Komori may have heard that Torisu and Hirao had asked Ishiyama at the time of the 2nd operation to stop these fatal operations on PWs. Ishiyama at that time told Torisu and Hirao that he thought about the situation before he started and that there is nothing to worry about, said, "as I have said occasionally be­fore, I will not tolerate your criticism of what I do."

On 17 May 1945, a Thursday, 1400, clinical lecture calls was called off so that the operations could be held. Hirao was told about noon by Ishiyama that there would be some operations conducted on captured B-29 crew members at the autopsy section, that he- should prepare for them and to inform Kubo, Mori, Senba, Nogawa and Tashiro, that Nogawa and Tashiro should prepare the heavier instruments, such as the lamp and tables at the Autopsy Section for the operations. Hirao thought it was odd that the operations were to be in the autopsy section, asked Ishiyama, who said that since the operations were to be performed on persons of an enemy country, the patients around the Surgical Clinic might be excited if conducted there, and so better to do them quietly, better if only a few people knew about the operations.

Hirao then informed the doctors by 1330, reported to Ishiyama at 1330, who told him to go over to the Autopsy Section Classroom where the operations were to be held.

They waited 20-30 minutes until the truck with Prisoners arrived, Ishiyama having joined them. The Prisoners were taken to the room used by the students to change clothes for class, which had a tatami floor. The doctors scrubbed; Komori said he had given anesthetic injection to the flyers, just before leav­ing, but it didn’t seem to have effect yet. Ishiyama then told Mori to give the flyers more injection— the usual injection.

Statement of Hirao (28 Aug and__ Sept 47) Cont'd . ........ While Ishiyama and Komori were tying off the blood vessels in the first, operation, Ishiyama asked Senba, who was taking the pulse, about the pulse rate, and he replied that it was weak getting worse, and then told him to inject sea water solution into the vein of the flyer, which Senba did, injecting about 200 ccs of the sea water solution from an irrigator. Ishiyama then told Sato what was done, saying that it was very effective. Hirao believes the injection caused the flyer to live a little longer.

Hirao believes that Hirako came in between the first and second operations, be­fore the 2nd flyer was brought in. As Hirao recalls, Ishiyama introduced Hirako to Sato at this time.

About 22 May, shortly after 1300, Ishiyama called Hirao, said, "Today, right away, me are going to perform some more operations on PWs, so prepare for them. Tell the same persons that you told before. There may be two or three Prisoners." After Hirao had informed Mori and Torisu, Hirao and Torisu then went to see Ishiyama, expressed their opinions (disapproved of operations), Ishiyama saying "I am doing these things by order of the army, so they are no concern of yours. It is your duty to abide by the orders you receive. I have told you frequently that I forbid you to disagree with my actions."

2nd series - Mori, Senba, Kubo and perhaps Tashiro and Nogawa and Hirao went behind the section to await the Prisoners. Before they arrived, Mori and Hirao went in the training room, scrubbed, heard Prisoners arrive in truck. Ishiyama was now in the room. The prisoners were placed on the dissecting tables after being placed on a stretcher, their clothes removed completely. Ishiyama scrubbed, told Mori to prepare to perform a stomach operation on the Prisoner in the right side of the room, Hirao to assist.

Komori performed a stomach resection. The prisoner lost a great deal of blood, became extremely weak. Ishiyama came over and Senba, Hirao thinks, started to inject sea water into the Prisoner's left arm, and Ishiyama made an incision in the area of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs, reaching the breast bone, the incision going straight down along the breast bone toward the left for 3”. He then cut the cartilage between the ribs and the breastbone, placed his hands over and under the pericardium and proceeded to massage the heart, which began to pump again. He stopped, and the heart stopped, so he repeated this 2-3 times, then made a 3" vertical incision the pericardium, which he retracted, then clamped off the aorta and the large artery to the lung with his forefinger and middle finger, made a 1" incision in the heart tissue which he stitched up at once with 2 stitches. Finishing this, he said it was not difficult to make a stitch in the heart tissue. By this time the heart action only beat occasionally. Ishiyama then said that they should try making a stitch in the heart.

While Ishiyama was working with the heart, Hirako came into the room, looked on for about 4-5 minutes, and just as he left, Torisu entered and was told by Ishiyama to scrub. Ishiyama and Komori then went to the other Prisoner, and Mori, with Hirao assisting, practiced making the incision in the heart and stitch­ing it up.

Statement of Hirao (28 Aug and___ Sept 47) Cont'd ...... Ishiyama's operation on the heart was just practice for him; he might have had in mind that the Japan Surgical Assembly that year was interested in surgery of the heart. The liver operation was not necessary; it is a very difficult operation which Ishiyama had been able to do successfully a few times before; he had a great interest in this operation; perhaps he was practicing.

On 25 May - 3rd series - Hirao attended the operations. After lunch Ishiyama told Hirao that a brain operation was to be performed on one Prisoner, that he was to assemble the operating instruments in the nurses changing room, to tell the others.

Ishiyama entered, then the Prisoner was brought in on a stretcher while the doctors scrubbed. He was placed face down on the dissecting table. Ishiyama had said the operation would be on the back of the head. A head support was placed under his head on the table.

Ishiyama made an incision at the base of the head near the 2nd vertebrae on the left and circling upwards to about an inch above the protruding bone in the back of the head, the processus occipitalis, and back down in the shape of a tennis racquet to near the 2nd vertebrae on the right. The skin was folded backwards down the neck and 6 holes were drilled by Komori around the area of the incision. Ishiyama passed a Gigli wire saw between the holes drilled by Komori and Komori sawed the bone. The bone was bent back in the same manner as the skin.

A cross incision was made extending the length and breadth of the area laid open by the removed bone. There was a great deal of bleeding. On its stopp­ing, Ishiyama pushed the crebellum to the left. Hirako then entered the room, and Ishiyama asked Hirako about the point of origin or root of the trigeminus nerve— the nerve which is related to the deeper nerve endings in the facial region. Ishiyama also asked about the location of the substantia nigra, which Ishiyama believed had some relationship to epilepsy.

In American Dr. Dandy had been able to reach the trigeminus nerve by the type of incision Ishiyama made, but it would be difficult, and there Hirako said it would not be possible.

Ishiyama then appeared to have given up the idea of reaching the substantia nigra and he pushed the cerebellum to the right, looking for the trigeminus nerve. At this point Hirako left the room. Hirao replaced the preserved brain in the formaldehyde and returned to the table. At that time Ishiyama and Komori were attempting to stop the blood from flowing under the cerebellum. The Prisoner was very near death, and upon his dying the doctors stopped their work.

At the clinic, Ishiyama told Hirao that Sato had invited the group over to the Officers Club for supper. Ishiyama arrived about 30 minutes later than the others.

Hirao doesn’t see how the brain operation could have been experimental since Ishiyama did not study the brain beforehand, was not systematic.

Statement of Hirao (28 Aug and Sept 47) Cont'd.... Hirako advised Ishi­yama that he was going about getting to the substantia- nigra in the wrong man­ner, should give this idea up, that he could not reach the trigeminus nerve, tried to stop Ishiyama from continuing with the operation. Ishiyama had no knowledge of the substantia nigra, doesn’t think he could distinguish various nerves with which he came in contact, was not qualified to perform the opera­tion.

4th series - The 4th series was on about 2 June. On 27 May, at the Fukuoka Surgical Assembly, Ishiyama following Tomoda’s lecture on alginic acid as a blood substitute, said that diluted and sterilized sea water, which is plenti­ful, is an effective blood substitute, felt it was better than Tomoda's substi­ tute, which was hard to manufacture because of the process and scarce materials.

2 June, about 1300 Ishiyama told Hirao to prepare for operations on Prisoners on the breast and abdomen, that since Torisu would not be able to come and Mori had left, he should tell Morimoto to assist. Hirao instructed Senba, Tashiro, Morimoto and Kubo, prepared the instruments at 1320, went to the autopsy train­ing room about 1400 with Morimoto, Senba, Tashiro and Kubo, each carrying some of the instruments, accompanied by Ishiyama.

Ishiyama instructed Senba to use a PW in a test of sea water blood substitute, to record the normal blood pressure of the Prisoner, then allow the Prisoner to loose some blood, then by injection of sea water attempt to get the blood pressure back to normal. Ishiyama wished to try this since Tomoda had stated that alginic acid was successful in maintaining normal blood pressure. Senba answered that thorough tests had been made on rabbits and such facts already established, that the sea water substitute would bring the blood pressure up for a short while, but that it would soon go down again. Nevertheless Ishiyama told him to go ahead with it, told Hirao to help.

Ishiyama made a 2 1/2 inch incision in the Prisoner’s leg exposing the femoral ar­tery, clamped the artery in 2 places and cut it between. He attached the upper end of the artery to to the base of a small glass tube used to hold needles for injection. To the end of this tube in which the needle would normally be placed he attached a one foot rubber tube. From another table he brought a cone shaped graduate into which he inserted the rubber tube. Komori then released the clamp and 100 cc of blood was allowed to drain into the graduate.

Senba was taking the Prisoner’s blood pressure and preparing to inject the sea water substitute. Ishiyama instructed Hirao to continue in this way, and he and Komori left to go to the other operation.

Both of the other Prisoners were operated on. Hirao later heard one was a liver resection, the other on the region below the breast bone and between the lungs, the mediastinum. Those who participated in this latter operation were Ishiyama, Komori, Morimoto and nurse Miki.

About 16-17 August Ishiyama called Hirao in, said a terrible thing had happened, that everyone who knew about the operations on PW would have to be told to keep quiet, and. that any evidence in the form of written records or notes would have

Statement of Hirao (28 Aug and___ Sept 47) Cont'd..... to be destroyed, that he would speak to Hirako about this— evidently speaking of his histology specimens.

About the middle of September Ishiyama asked Hirako to go to the autopsy section to ask again and make certain that there was no evidence left of the operations, if so, to destroy it. He said that according to Sato, when the case was investi­gated, a scientific examination would be made of the ashes and that the ashes would have to be destroyed.

After this Sato came to see Ishiyama several times. Ishiyama said that if no information leaked out of the University, the incident could be kept secret as far as the army as concerned. Hirao heard that Ishiyama received an anonymous letter in January 1946.

In the latter part of January 1946 Ishiyama called Morimoto, Torisu, and Hirao into his room, said he was sorry that he had caused so much worry, the responsi­bility was his, asked them to decide what was best for him to do. In early February he said that since there was no evidence and their memories on the subject were bud, he felt that resigning would make it appear he was afraid of the letter. In late February he said he had decided to leave the University, that he could not be excused for having caused them to worry, that he should have talked the matter over with the rest of them when he was first asked to perform the operations by the army, but he didn’t resign.

Hirao left in late April, seldom returned, did hear that Torisu, Senba, and Kubo were investigated by the CIC and Ishiyama was called in by the CIC as to his sea water experiments.

The combined strength of Ishiyama and the army was too great for Hirao to resist, even though he knew as a doctor and' as a human being that these operations were wrong, is regretful.

Statement of Hirako (24 March 1947) Hirako stated that Ishiyama had told him to be sure to keep the operations secret, that it would be bad for KIU if the secret were learned. Hirako did not ask them to keep this matter a secret, Minami told someone else, and for this Ishiyama scolded Hirako.

Statement of Senba (2 - 10 Sept 1947) Senba graduated from KIU Medical College in 1943, went into Ishiyama 1st Surgical Clinic. Ishiyama was a member of the Scientific Research Council and worked directly with it in blood substitute research. Both Ishiyama and Hojo attended meetings of the Scientific Research Council.

On Ishiyama’s advice, Torisu and Senba first worked on Polyvinal Alcohol and soluble starch, experimenting with rabbits, then used them on patients at Ishiyama Clinic in 1944, but in same year Ishiyama stated such useless, since quantity limited and told them to work with sea water, which Hojo agreed was possible.

1st series - At 1500, about 16 May, Hirao told Senba that the following PM Komori would bring an American PCS to the autopsy section for an operation, to prepare for the operation and to give this person a sea water injection as it might be

Statement of Senba (2-10 Sept 1947) Cont'd.......... necessary, that these were Ishiyama's orders. Hirao stated that it was to be an experimental opera­tion. Senba asked Hirao if it wasn’t a bad thing to do; Hirao replied that the Prisoners were being brought to the University by the army , that Ishijama would be in charge, that the staff doctors could not disobey Ishiyama’s orders.

At 1600 Ishiyama ordered Senba to bring his sea water to the autopsy room the following PM at about 1500, that there would be experimental operations on 7-8 American Prisoners.

After prisoners arrived, the doctors went into autopsy room. Ishiyama was scrubbing, putting on his gown, told Komori to take the 2 Prisoners to the dressing room and administer ether, which was done, with Senba, Komori, Hirao, Tashiro, Nogawa, Suyama and 2 guards going with them.

1st Prisoner - Suyama unbuttoned the shirt, put iodine and alcohol over the chest, and Hirao and Ishiyama then covered him with an operating sheet. Ishiyama asked Senba to inject sea water, told him to stop when he put in 150 ccs . Ishiyama then told Sato and Komori that sea water could be used as a blood sub­stitute.

Ishiyama then said they would perform a lung operation, stood on the Prisoner’s right, Hirao to Ishiyama’s left, Komori at the head of the Prisoner, Torisu to the Prisoner’s left, Senba to Torisu’s left and rear. Ishiyama made an incision about 10 centimeters long over the scar, Torisu helped tie off the blood vessels, Hirao wiped the blood with gauze, later used forceps. Komori administered ether. Ishiyama then cut ribs 5, 6, and 7 between the cartilage and rib, pulled, the ribs up, exposing the pleura, made an incision in the pleura while Hirao re­tracted the ribs, exposing the lungs. Due to external pressure, the lung col­lapsed, and Ishiyama put his hand deep into the Prisoner's chest trying to pull the lung into view, was unsuccessful, then lengthened the incision about 10 centimeters, cutting additional ribs, put his hand into his chest. The Prisoner was having difficulty breathing because of the collapsed lung.

While Senba could not see, believes Ishiyama tied and cut the main pulmonary artery, removed the entire right lung, put it in a nearby basin. Senba observed no signs of disease or injury, but didn't look closely. Komori asked Ishiyama to take some blood from the Prisoner to use for some medicine. Ishiyama then stuck his hand into the chest, made the Prisoner bleed, doesn't know whether he cut the pulmonary artery or untied ligature. The blood spurted into the chest cavity, then stopped. Ishiyama picked the clotted blood out of the Prisoner’s chest and put it in a 5000 ccs flask, then took a small metallic plate and scooped out the fluid blood and put it in the same flask. On finishing, the flask was about l/3 filled, the Prisoner dead.

2nd Prisoner. Komori was at the head of the table administering ether, Ishiyama Hirao, Torisu and Senba stood in about the same positions as in the 1st operation. Ishiyama made an incision with a scalpel about 20 centimeters long, slightly outwardly curved, just to the left of the right breast. Miki passed the instru­ments, Torisu retracted the incision, Hirao wiped blood. Ishiyama then cut ribs 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 between the rib and the cartilage, Torisu retracted the incision, Hirao the ribs. Ishiyama made an incision about 20 meters (obviously centimeters)

Statement of Senba (2-10 Sept 1947) cont'd....... long in the pleura, again the lung collapsed. Ishiyama was unsuccessful in pulling the lung out with his hand, then tied off the pulmonary artery which led to the lower lobe of the right lung, cut the artery and the lower lobe from the middle lobe, lifted it out. The Prisoner's respiration was not affected this time when the lung collapsed. Ishiyama placed the lung in the container with the other. Komori again asked for the Prisoner's blood, and Ishiyama cut the main pulmonary artery and the blood spurted into the chest, was allowed to continue until the Prisoner died 20 minutes later, Ishiyama took out the clotted blood with his hand and a dish, dipped out the fluid blood, put it in the flask, now containing about 3000 ccs of blood.

Ishiyama then told everyone to leave the bodies on the operating table, take the operating equipment and return to 1st Surgery.

About 23 May, 1300, Hirao told Senba that at about 1500 there would be an opera­tion on a Prisoner at the autopsy room, that those types of operations were very bad, that they must ask Ishiyama to stop,-to which Senba agreed, as well as Mori, who was present. Mori and Seriba asked Hirao to go to him, returned in about 15 minutes, told Mori and Senba that Torisu was with Ishiyama in his office and Torisu asked him to stop, but he refused. At 1400 Ishiyama told Senba that there would be an experimental operation on an American Prisoner, that he should bring seawater, and he got 2000 ccs, went to the autopsy room with Hirao and Mori at 1500. Miki, Tsutsui, Suyama, Manabe, and, Senba believes, Tashiro and Nogawa were already there, Ishiyama arriving 20 minutes later.

Komori said he wanted to perform a stomach operation on the 1st Prisoner, Ishi­yama said he wanted to perform a liver operation on the 2nd. Ishiyama, Komori, Mori and Hirao scrubbed, Nogawa administered ether to the 2nd Frisoner, the Prisoner became weak, and Nogawa came to Ishiyama and said the Prisoner was ready to collapse, Ishiyama then telling Seriba to inject some sea water into the Prisoner.

..... Komori was tying the artery that led to the stomach, but ruptured the artery by pulling too hard on it. Komori and Mori tried to stop the bleeding by using forceps, but were unsuccessful. Then Ishiyama, who was watching the operation, said he would take over, took forceps and stopped bleeding, told Seriba to inject sea water, Seriba injecting 200 cccs into the arm, took blood pressure and pulse, found them subnormal. Komori then continued the operation, resected the entire stomach by cutting the stomach from the cardia and pylorus. A hole was made in the jejunum, the esophagus and pylorus sutured.

The resected stomach was placed in a wash basin. At that time the Prisoner's condition weakened. Ishiyama then said he would do a heart operation, exposed the Prisoner's chest, applied iodine, washed it with alcohol, made 2 vertical incisions about 20 centimeters, one on each side of the chest, cut ribs 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 on both sides, made a horizontal incision about 15 centimeters long at the'top of the Prisoner's chest, raised the flap made by the incisions, took hold of the aorta, which was to find out hold long he could stop the blood, he said. Senba assisted in timing the period he could stop the blood. Ishiyama had told

Statement of Seriba (2-10 Sept 1947) Cont’d....... Senba to take the Prisoner’s pulse and before he had stopped the blood in the aorta, the pulse was weak, After he stopped the blood, the pulse became very strong. After 5 minutes the pulse became weak, the Prisoner had difficulty breathing, the hands and legs turned blue. Ishiyama then let go of the aorta and the Prisoner regained his previous condition.

It seemed that Ishiyama then massaged the heart, but Senba’s view was obstructed it was possible that a heart operation was performed. Komori then asked Ishiyama for the blood of the Prisoner and Ishiyama took about 1500 ccs of blood. The Prisoner was dead.

2nd prisoner - Komori and Torisu washed the Prisoner’s abdomen with iodine and alcohol, a sterile sheet was placed over him, Ishiyama made an incision of 20 centimeters below the right ribs in the hypochondrium area. Komori, as 1st assistant, tied the blood vessels. Torisu retracted the incision from the right and Komori from the left. Hirao soaked up blood. Ishiyama tied and cut the cystic duct leading into the gall baldder and the liver membrane, removed the gall bladder, placing it in a basin on the instrument table, resected the lower right portion of the liver, placed the resected part in a separate con­tainer. Komori again asked Ishiyama for the Prisoner’s blood, Ishiyama cut the abdominal aorta and in about 20 minutes the Prisoner bled to death, leaving the abdomen full of blood, and Ishiyama again removed the blood and put it in the same flask that was used after the 1st operation, there now being about 3000 ccs of blood in the flask. Senba returned to 1st Surgery with Tashiro and Nogawa, he believes.

3rd series - at 1300, about 2& May, Ishiyama told Senba that the next day at 1500 there would be an experimental operation on a Prisoner in the autopsy room, that he should bring sea water.

The next day (29 May) at 1300, Seriba again reminded Torisu and Hirao, took 2000 ccs of sea water to the autopsy at 1500. Seriba connected the operating lamp. Ishiyama, and Hirao arrived 5 minutes later; Ishiyama said a brain operation was going to be performed.

Nogawa stood at the head of the table administering ether, Ishiyama was at the head to his left, Komori was on Nogawa’s right, Hirao stood to Komori’s right, Hirako stood to the left of Ishiyama, Seriba stood on Hirako’s right. Tashiro was watching the operation along with 2-3 of Hirako’s students.

Ishiyama made a circular incision in the occipital area at the base of the brain, while Komori held his head steady, wiped blood, tied off the blood vessels. Ishiyama folded the incision back, and Hirako drilled 4 holes in the back of the skull. A thin metal blade was then inserted thru one of the holes, drawn out another, then the gigli saw was inserted thru the holes and the skull cut thru the 2 holes (points) This was repeated at the 4 points and about 100 square centimeters of skull was lifted out and Meningea membrane exposed. A vertical incision, about 15 centimeters, was made down the center of that membrane exposing the brain. Ishiyama then said he was going to take a small metal rod and attempt to puncture the extra-phyramidial nervous system.

Statement of Senba (2-10 Sept 1947) Cont'd....... He (Ishiyama) then tried to insert the metal rod in the lower portion of the right side of the brain but couldn't see because of so much blood, so he applied gauze dipped in warm salt water to the brain in an attempt to stop bleeding; it stopped, but he could not find the system because it was quite deep. At that time Hirako left the operating room for the 1st time since the start of the operation, returned with a preserved brain, showed it to Ishiyama, pointing out the nervous system, but again Ishiyama was unsuccessful in trying to find and puncture it, and the Prisoner started to bleed again, and Ishiyama then said that they type of opera­tion was impossible without an aspirator.

Ishiyama gave up the operation, sutured the meningea membrance, replaced the skull, sutured the skin. The Prisoner was alive but very weakened, but died about 30 minutes later, when Ishiyama said everyone could leave.

Senba believes that Ishiyama was trying to prove his theory that puncturing the extra pyramidial nervous system was a cure for epilepsy, then states that Ishi­yama was trying to prove that if he punctured the extra pyramidial nervous system the Prisoner would have an epileptic attack.

4th series - About 2 June at 1300 Hirao stated that there would be performed an experimental operation on an American Prisoner at 1300 the next PM, that Seriba should be present, bring his sea water. On the next day - Sunday - at 1300, Seriba took 2000 ccs of sea mater to the autopsy room. Hirao, Suyama, Manabe and Tsutsui were already there, Komori, Morimoto and Ishiyama came in 10 minutes later, then, 15 minutes later, 3 guards brought in 2 Prisoners, blind­-folded, handcuffed, staggering as they walked.

The 2 Prisoners were placed on operating tables. Ishiyama came over to the 1st table, told Seriba to drain some blood out of the Prisoner and inject sea water and then measure the blood pressure, told Hirao to assist Senba. Seriba said it was unnecessary to perform such an experiment on a human because they had established in rabbits that blood pressure would rise after blood was drained out and sea water was injected. Ishiyama insisted that Seriba carry out the experiment, saying that experiments on rabbits was meaningless, returned to the sink and washed his hands.

At the time of the injection (leg artery operation), the Prisoner was almost dead. Seriba then stopped the experiment, went over to Ishiyama, who was operat­ing at the 2nd table, told him he was finished, and he said to let the Prisoner as he was, so he gathered up his instruments and went to the 2nd table with Hirao, leaving the Prisoner more dead than alive.

The 2nd Prisoner was on his back. Ishiyama was on the Prisoner's right near the head, Komori across from him, Morimoto to the left of Komoir, Miki on the right of Ishiyama near the instrument table. The operation was almost finished; Senba believes it was a lung operation.

A 3rd Prisoner was brought in by 2 guards, laid on his back on the 3rd table, which replaced the 2nd table. Nogawa stood at the Prisoner's head, Hirao to the Prisoner's right, between Ishiyama and the instrument table. Senba stood a little to the rear and left of Komori and Morimoto stood to Senba's left.

Statement of Senba (2-10 Sept 1947) Cont'd . ........Ishiyama made an incision as in the previous liver operation. Komori tied the blood vessels, Hirao wiped the blood, Morimoto retracted the incision, assisted in wiping blood. Ishiyama removed the gall bladder, and on his instructions Senba injected 200 ccs of sea water into the Prisoner. Senba found the blood pressure was normal before and after the injection. Ishiyama then resected part of the liver. That was all Ishiyama did during this abdominal operation.

Hirao and Morimoto then exposed the Prisoner’s chest, washed it with iodine and alcohol. Ishiyama made a 20 centimeter incision on each side of the sternum, cut ribs 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 on both sides of the sternum,’made a horizontal inci­sion of 10 centimeters across rib 3,.flapped the chest back, exposing the heart, massaged the heart, Senba believes, then made a 5 centimeter incision.in the myocardium, then sewed the incision with 4 separate stitches, then said that a heart operation was easily performed, then stopped the blood supply by squeez­ing the aorta, and after about 5 minutes the Prisoner’s hands became blue and respiration became difficult.

Komori again told Ishiyama he wanted the blood and Ishiyama cut one of the abdominal arteries and scooped out all the blood and put it in a flask, the Pri­soner by this time dead. Ishiyama then said they could leave.

On the following Sunday in June 1945 Morimoto told Senba that Ishiyama had said that they were to tell no one about the experimental operations; Senba agreed to comply. On 17 August Ishiyama called Senba to-his office, warned him to keep the experimental operations secret.

In mid March the CIC (March 1946) questioned Senba about sea water research, and Torisu warned Senba not to mention anything about PWs, being brought to the University. Ishiyama and Torisu were called to the CIC the previous day, said they were not questioned about PWs being brought to the University.

In April 1946 Ishiyama, Torisu, Kubo and Senba were ordered to report to the CIC, Senba didn’t report until 24-25 April since ill. Senba was released without questioning.

Before the 1st operation was performed, Ishiyama told Senba to keep them secret.

Senba heard from Ishiyama that the army requested him to conduct research in epilepsy so he believes the brain operation was conducted in connection with army research.

During the heart operation, Ishiyama said it was important to the army medical authorities to know that the blood from the heart could be stopped for as long as 5 minutes, especially when a soldier was wounded in the heart and necessi­tated surgery. During the 1st lung operation, Ishiyama said that during present lung surgery it was normal to open the chest without preliminary caution to pre­vent lung collapse, that the operation showed that some measures were necessary such as inflating the lung from the mouth or pumping air into the chest and gradually collapsing the lung before the chest was opened.