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Statement of Nakashima 61 years old, now works at Shlnabara Hospital. Was a professor and director of department of raiology at KIU from 29 until January 47. As Director of the Hospital from June 1944 to June 1946 he took care of finances and administration, supervised directors of each section, including Ishiyama of first Surgical Department, Tomoda of 2nd Surgical Department, there being about 15 such departments under his supervision. Treatment of patients was under supervision of Director of Hospital; educational supervision under Director of Medical Faculty. Each deportment director supervises treatment of own patients, being a specialist in his field; needs not consult with Nakashima, unless he needed more nurses, money, complaints as to lack of steam to sterilize instruments, etc. As hospital director, would be necessary for Nakashima to stop section doing anything not according to medical standards, but it would be difficult to find out if such were the ease. If wrong medical practices, could report it to KIU president. A full professor, for purposes of removal, would come under jurisdiction of Dean of Medical Faculty and president. President and Hospital director would review wrong medical practice by any professor. Nakashima states that if man to die anyway, and vivisection operation would be a great benefit to a great number without causing suffering to patient, not wrong. This an exception, in Nakashima's opinion, that vivisection is wrong. First heard of vivisection operations from "Nishi Nihon” newspaper reporter in October or November 1945, who had received an anonymous letter, in English that stated that several professors had performed vivisectional operations on American B-29 flyers, that it had been reported to the Allied Forces, but nothing had been done about it, so author(s) wanted newspaper to help. Nakashima took letter to Jinnaka, and they decided to do nothing about it. However, Nakashima asked people of his section during lunch hours. The rumors also stated that Komori had brought the Prisoners to Ishiyama and had asked him to operate on them. Also heard that Ishiyama Surgery had performed an operation on a B-29 crew member at Anatomy Section. Nakashima opines that he didn't hear of this before because Hirao was a member of Ishiyama Surgery. About December Jinnaka brought Nakashlma an anonymous letter he had received, stating that if Jinnaka did not resign from his office as Dean, "They" disclose matter to Allied Forces. About end of December 1945 or early January 1946, Nakashima advised Ishiyama to resign if there were such vivisection operations so as to not cause trouble to KIU. Ishiyama stated that he had done nothing wrong, that he would do nothing to cause trouble for University, that there was nothing to worry about, that he would bear complete responsibility. Nakashima then told him that if there was a slightest truth to the rumor, he should quit, whereupon Ishiyama became very angry, said not to worry. Jinnaka told Nakashima that he also advised Ishiyama to resign about that time, but he refused. Nakashlma -2- 1-2 weeks subsequent to Jinnaka receiving anonymous letter, Ishiyama brought an anonymous letter to Jinnaka's office which had been sent him. Jinnaka called Nakashima, but they could not determine whether letters from same author. The 3rd letter said that Ishiyama's methods were too feudalistic, that if he did not revise this, they would let the incident be known in which the Prisoners were operated on. In one of the three letters, it stated that sea water injections had been used. All three stated that operations were wrong. About one week later, the end of December or 1st of January, Nakashima received an anonymous letter which stated that the latrines were dirty; that if Nakashima didn’t have them cleaned, the incident would be revealed. Nakashima showed this to Jinnaka. Since Hirao was the assistant professor in the Ishiyama clinic and also Nakashima's son in lav, Nakashima asked him about it, but he merely stated that Nakashima had nothing to worry about. In July 1946 (Hirao having been taken into custody), Nakashima asked members of Ishiyama Clinic about it, including Tashiro and Nogawa, from whom he learned that there were operations on the brain, liver, and stomach. Nakashima recalls only one case of treatment of Prisoners at the University Hospital. About September an American soldier riding in a truck was hit by a train, treated at hospital. The CIC requested records of Prisoners treated at the hospital; this was reported. Tashiro treated the American. Nakashima did not make a report on the Prisoners of War treated by Ishiyama because he had only rumor. In February or March a request was sent to 25-27 professors, in all sections by Jinnaka and Nakashima to have them report treatment on Prisoners, but no one reported anything. Jinnaka and Nakashima then signed report that no Prisoners of War had been operated on. But by November 1945 Nakashima states he had begun to believe that the rumors were true. On Nakashima's advice, Hirao resigned about March, accepted 1 June from Ministry of Education. Normal hospital procedure; The patient at the Hospital selects the clinic he desires, goes there, gets permission of clerk of clinic, buys a ticket of examination. A doctor examines patients. Each section differs in its methods. About every other day there is a "Apoliclinic" where students examine patients and made reports to professors and students are corrected by professors. If necessary to hospitalize patient, he is given a slip of paper with details, administration details made by clerk, patient filling in sheet that he will obey regulations, gives name of guarantor. The Director of the Hospital makes arrangements as to food, finances, clerk does work. Patient then hospitalized in clinic of his choice, comes under one doctor, which is determined by the "head doctors", who is the number 1 of the assistants. Once or twice a week, the professor makes the rounds of all patients. Believes professor decided whether patient to be operated on. Section must authorise the hospitalisation. One Nakashima -3- could be hospitalised without Nakashima's office knowing about it, but could not be fed. Ishiyama however never made such arrangements for Prisoners of War. In February or March, command from SCAP to report cases of Prisoners of War operated on, decided that by individually getting reports (negative) from all professors they could protect selves. Nakashima says that he responsible for false report* However, he states that Jinnaka proposed that. Nakashima was afraid that if disclosed, Ishiyama and others, particularly Hirao, undid be punished; also afraid for honor of KIU. Both before and after this questionnaire sent to the professors Ishiyama said that there was no evidence left in the army or at the University that the Prisoners had been operated on, that it had all been concealed. About 6 days after Nakashima became dean, Jinnaka and Nakashima went to see President Yusuru Okuda and to pay respects to new dean of medicine faculty, Nakashima said he wanted to resign because Hirao was his son in law, and he did so resign. In April 1944 Nakashima received appointment from Chief of Medical Bureau of War Ministry as an unofficial staff member to lecture at various army hospitals in Western Army Area on use of radiology in treatment of TB, received orders from Horiuchi as to these schedules. Goto, Ishiyama, Misao and Nakashima went to Tokyo for meetins at the Medical Bureau. 2nd time, in May 1945 they were told about treatment of Japanese in event of invasion. Nakashima was also connected with Army as a member of unofficial staff of Army Medical School in Tokyo, was advisor to Dr. Seine, Direcotr of the Radiology Section, gave one lecture. Was also attached to unofficial staff of A m y Air School at Tachiarai. The doctors under Ishiyama could have refused to participate in the operations on the Prisoners of War but in so doing would have to quit University, since the Director of a section has complete authority over his assistants. If Nakashima had known facts, he would have gone to Ishiyama unofficially, ask him not to do so. The Dean of the Medical School could have asked him not to do this officially and if Ishiyama had refused he could have reported it to the President. If ordered by army doctors would have been called disloyal if they refused to operate. Japanese physicians are governed by the Doctors' Law, set up by government, hut they have no code of ethic s. |